adb exec-out run-as your.package.name cat /data/data/your.package.name/databases/yourdatabasename.db > C:\DestinationFolderOnYourComputer\yourdatabasename.db
adb exec-out run-as your.package.name cat /data/data/your.package.name/databases/yourdatabasename.db-shm > C:\DestinationFolderOnYourComputer\yourdatabasename.db-shm
adb exec-out run-as your.package.name cat /data/data/your.package.name/databases/yourdatabasename.db-wal > C:\DestinationFolderOnYourComputer\yourdatabasename.db-wal
Then you can open the database on your computer by using SQLiteDatabaseBrowser for example.